Beyond the conventional GWP: Exploring alternative climate metrics for aviation policy and aircraft design
Next to carbon dioxide (CO2), the primary contributions of aircraft are the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), water vapour (H2O) and aerosols, as well as the formation of persistent condensation trails (contrails). Since these latter non-CO2 effects have been attributed to around two thirds of the total warming from aviation, regulators are increasingly interested in considering these effects in climate policy such as the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS). To do so, non-CO2 effects must be brought onto a common scale with CO2 emissions using a so-called climate metric.