DLR's Institute of Aerospace Medicine (Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin) developed the 'Matroshka' radiation biology experiment for the European Space Agency (ESA). On 18 and 19 August 2005 it was removed from its position outside the International Space Station (ISS) and set up in the interior of the station.
Matroshka is a life-size reproduction of a human body. Scientists use it to measure the radiation dose that astronauts and cosmonauts receive during extra-vehicular activities and while they are inside the ISS.